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# finite element analysis pdflg dryer test mode

Then, as it is expected, the interlock of the parts decreases continuously as a result of the plastic deformation. On the other hand, the separation of clinched structures formed by AISI 430 and H340LAD + AZ150 materials occurs in the case of lower elongation quantity compared to DX52D + Z275 material as a result of their brittle structure. Mechanical clinching is a fast process that provides the joining of two or more metal sheets without using additional material. The finite element method (FEM) is the dominant tool for numerical analysis in engineering, yet many engineers apply it without fully understanding all the principles. Mater Des 87:606–618, Chen C, Zhao S, Cui M, Han X, Fan S (2016) Mechanical properties of the two-steps clinched joint with a clinch-rivet. A premier worldwide supplier of replacement new and used steam capital and consumable parts, we practice effective and time-tested principles to produce superior repair solutions to aging fleet issues. The sheet metal that was used at the die side for all tests is DX51D + AZ150 with a thickness of 1.5 mm. Measurement of the formed connection is performed by a destructive measurement technique. The stress magnitudes are presented in Fig. [18] predicted the failure behavior of the clinched joint by using a damage model modified by [19]. The diameter and depth of the die are 8 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively, while the punch diameter is 5.6 mm. (1996), Song et al. When the maximum force occurs, the separation begins on the circular contact surface of the parts. Series simulations for the mechanical clinching to reveal the relation between the load and displacement were performed [21]. Liquid penetrant examination is one of the most popular Nondestructive Examination (NDE) methods in the industry. The clinching operation was applied to the plates prior to the tensile test to define the strength of the connection to shear and normal forces. Victor E. Saouma. Numerical simulation applications were created around the mathematical models previously developed, which can play an important role in the prediction of the coating properties and structure. January, 1981. The strength of clinched joints was investigated experimentally for each material pair and numerical testing for AISI 430 and DX51D + AZ150 material pair. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Objective: To validate the fatigue lifetime of a reduced-diameter dental implant system predicted by three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) by testing physical implant specimens using an accelerated lifetime testing (ALT) strategy with the apparatus specified by ISO 14801. Tensile test results for representing material properties. Similarly, the shear force for AISI 430, H340LAD + AZ150 and DX52D + Z275 material pairs is found as 1741.4–1539.7 N, 1400.4–1020.7 N and 980.2–741.5 N, respectively. In comparison with the widely used trochoidal and the recently proposed circular-filleted root profiles, the optimum profile proposed here is a $$G^2$$-continuous curve that blends smoothly with both the involute of the tooth profile and the dedendum circle. Cite this article. For each case, five test samples were prepared. Figure 15 presents the parts and the forces applied to the tumble group. The clinched structure composed of DX52D + Z275 material separates at low forces related to its ductile structure. In conclusion, traffic loads do not produce significant oscillations, and can thus be considered with a quasi-static approach. This process can be an advantage over other processes due to their excellent properties and environmental friendly behavior, which gives rise to a large number of studies in mathematical modelling and numerical simulation, like finite element method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). 1. Recent years, Rodrigues et al. 17. The proceedings of the JSME annual meeting. The analytical model involves the use of the boundary layer approximation and the bifurcation of the flow field on the plane to describe the velocity profile under conditions including strong flow reversal. Finally, some numerical tests illustrate the theoretical results and the performance of the combination of second order Lagrange-Galerkin schemes with quadrature formulas. The convective drying of fruits is the most implemented drying technique to stabilize fruits and to increase their shelf life. The effect of tool however, affects the entire geometry by causing deflections and radial strains. The strength of the connection is discussed by considering different tumble endplate materials as the punch sides. The process is commonly assisted by plasma, creating a particular low pressure and medium temperature atmosphere, which is responsible for the transition of atomic particles between the target and the parts to be coated into a vacuum reactor. 14). It was found that the clinched joint formed by AISI 430 material has the highest strength. George E. Blandford. Spur gears are made of high-strength steel alloy 42CrMo4, the effects of its properties and surface treatment on service life improvement not being included in this study. 2, two metal sheets were directly punched by a tool into a die. (33), respectively, ... (29) describes three degree of freedom (e.g., displacement). ... (1) to (3) can be stated as (see e.g. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8889-5, Article  Nevertheless, no attention has been paid to the static or quasi-static case. The maximum force is obtained at 0.2 mm displacement during the simulations, whereas maximum force is reached at 2 mm elongation case in the performed test. 2. Topics: Failure , Finite element model , Failure mechanisms , Stress , Shapes , Damage , Finite element methods , Materials properties Probabilistic Methods in Design and Analysis A Methodology for Generation of Best-Estimate Pipeweld Failure Probabilities … The clinched joints between the tumble endplates and flange bodies were done according to the main findings from the previous steps. Int J Fatigue 72:53–65, Oudjene M, Ben-Ayed L (2008) On the parametrical study of clinch joining of metallic sheets using the Taguchi method. Computation efficiency is also studied. The strain-life ($$\epsilon$$-N) method is employed to determine $$N_i$$, where the crack is assumed to initiate at the critical section. System Requirements: OOF2 will run on any computer running a variant of the Unix operating system, including Linux and Macintosh OS X, as long as the prerequisites listed below are available. The nonlinear differential elliptical equations of motion and the continuity equation were solved numerically over the entire vapor flow domain. chapter 4: material properties, load calculation . Force–displacement plot (a) and stress contours (b) for shear force strength analyses, AISI 430—DX51D + AZ150 material pair, Force–displacement plot (a) and stress contours (b) for tensile force strength analyses, AISI 430—DX51D + AZ150 material pair. Currently, front-load washing ma-chines are gaining popularity because of several unique benefits over top-loading machines. The clinching process was applied to the plates shown in Fig. Such a distance makes the structure to be more flexible and causes more elongation. Finite element analysis. Also, the chemical compositions of the related materials are given in Tables 2, 3 and 4. As a result, active control systems compensating quasi-static loading patterns can certainly help engineers optimise the design of these emblematic structures. J Mater Process Technol 230:109–120, Jagtap KR, Ghorpade SY, Chopade SE (2017) finite element analysis of mechanical clinching process. Finite Element Analysis is a highly specialized skills subset of the stress analysis skills umbrella. Due to several parameters as explained for Table 6, partially large differences between the minimum and maximum magnitudes of the tensile forces exist. A comparison of mode shapes from the photogrammetric, finite element, and impact test approaches are presented to show the accuracy of the DIC measurement approach. However, there is a drawback of this technique because the destroyed components cannot be reused. The connection of tumble endplate and the tumble flange body of the dryer was formed by two different design models as three-clinched and six-clinched joints. The output of the analyses explained in previous paragraphs are given below. The test specimens with a width of 20 mm have the cross section areas of 10 mm2 and 30 mm2 for the materials with 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm wall thickness, respectively. Many mathematical models have been developed in order to allow the generation of numerical simulation applications, trying to combine parameters and expect the corresponding results. Tensile force strength analyses and test results for clinched joint formed by AISI 430 material. Jacobian matrix was used to conduct the mapping from the parent domain to physical domain according to Gosz. These normal and shear forces were compared with the experimental data given in Table 8. The obtained results were also used for identifying the punch action distance. 3 are considered for tumble endplates to form the clinching process instead of classical rivets. Here, we use a finite element model of a composite plate to characterize the natural frequency, mode shape, and mode curvature tests for a variety of delamination scenarios. The strength of the joint was determined experimentally by the tension and shear tests. It is concluded that all these methods can increase joining strength. The finite element modal analysis was carried out. Figure 11a shows that the maximum shear force as 1647.6 N appears in the 2nd region. ; alpert_rule_test; analemma, a FORTRAN90 code which evaluates the equation of time, a formula for the difference between the uniform 24 hour day and the actual position of the sun, creating data files that can be … On the other hand, in case of using three different tumble endplates for the same die, punch and process conditions, the tumble capacity should be evaluated by considering DX52D + Z275 material which has the lowest strength. 3.2 process flow of finite element analysi 30 . It is reported that the repaired joint gets higher shear strength. The joint strength during the clinching process alters related mechanical properties of the clinched materials, the generated form at the end of the process and friction coefficient of two contacting materials during the process. A tensile test was performed by the Zwick test machine (up to 5 kN) following TS EN ISO 6892–1 standards [27]. Experimental data of each material pair were used as an application of the clinching process carried out for a tumble dryer. Modal analysis was conducted on the two panels to obtain the basic dynamic properties. In the third and final phase, the results provided by the computer are interpreted. Most FEA coding is still done in FORTRAN. The importance of consistent initial conditions is addressed for poroelasticity equations with the mass-balance constraint, a system of differential algebraic equations. Eng Fract Mech 73:178–190, Breda A, Coppieters S, Debruyne D (2017) Equivalent modelling strategy for a clinched joint using a simple calibration method. Thin Wall Struct 152:106752, TS EN ISO 6892–1 (2010) Tension experiment for metallic material. This means that both external and internal forces acting on the solid sum to zero. rigorously introduced for exact and approximated characteristics. Tumble group (a), the joint between the tumble endplate and tumble flange body of tumble dryer (b) and the acting forces on tumble group (c). In this case, the maximum force was recorded at the displacement of 0.5 mm during the experiments, while it was calculated at the displacement of 2.2 mm during the numerical studies. The modal data extracted from these frequency response functions was also used for a correlation study with the finite element model. The basic finite element procedure for solving the nonlinear problems is based on the Newton's method which solve the linearized system of finite element equations in an iterative manner. The sheet metals used at the punch side are ferritic stainless steel AISI 430, DX52D + Z275 and HX340LAD + AZ150 with a thickness of 0.5 mm for all samples. We introduce a new volumetric registration technique that effectively combines active surfaces with the finite element method. Clinching process and the applied shear force. mobility tests and finite-element-based modal frequency response analysis was utilized to identify all potential noise and vibration sources in the washing machine and develop an optimized sound abatement solution package. A tensile test was performed numerically under the same conditions as used for the experimental test case. Related to numerous possible tool combinations, a simple method for the verification of the procedure was proposed [14]. Automatic Two-Dimensional Quasi-Static and Fatigue Crack Propagation Using the Boundary Element Method. Thin-Walled Struct 41:691–709, Hamela V, Roelandta JM, Gacelb JN, Schmit F (2000) Finite element modeling of clinch forming with automatic remeshing. AISI 430 material is superlative as perceptively due to its stainless incandescent surface. The challenges for convective drying of fruit lead to overcoming the dependence on empirical models for drying parameters determination, the lack of shrinkage inclusion and 3D modelling by means of advanced procedures such as multi-scale and conjugated modelling. Part of Springer Nature. 17d) act on six-clinched joints. Finite element models of a flat and a stiffened rectangular panel were constructed. In a previous paper [A. Bermúdez, M. R. Nogueiras, and C. Vázquez, SIAM J. Numer. The punch and the die were scanned by a 3D scanner. The proposed methodology demonstrates its capability to be a suitable non destructive technique for fault identification in vibrating structures. Liquid penetrant exams check for material flaws open to the surface by flowing very thin liquid into the flaw and then drawing the liquid out with a chalk-like developer. In fact, it is not possible to restore it to its original shape. Through various numerical examples, the performance of the developed elements is investigated and compared with those of existing elements. FEA Consulting Engineers. 10. The process enables to join for both the same and different kinds of material pairs providing up to 5–6 mm total joint thickness [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Comput Struct 77:185–200, He X, Zhang Y, Xing B, Gu F, Ball A (2015) Mechanical properties of extensible die clinched joints in titanium sheet materials. The normal and shear forces were predicted as 98.5 N and 93.8 N and 49.3 N and 46.9 N for three-clinched and six-clinched joints, respectively. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Additionally, the elements of the closure are generally not amenable to closed-form (design by formula) evaluation. This process has several variants due to its strong evolution along the last decades. The numerical model developed for the analysis was successfully validated with the experimental data. He illustrates the material with 10 case studies, which define the problem, consider appropriate solution strategies, and warn against common pitfalls. allocatable_array_test; alpert_rule, a FORTRAN90 code which can set up an Alpert quadrature rule for functions which are regular, log(x) singular, or 1/sqrt(x) singular. Simulations of single point incremental forming can be a tedious task since the area required to be formed is large and the two sheet contact area is fairly small. It was confirmed that the deep learned finite elements can potentially outperform existing finite elements. A certain decrease in the value of the force is seen in the 3rd region. This section reports the application of the clinching process to a tumble dryer. Then, the temperature at each interior node is updated based on the temperatures at its in-neighbor nodes, where the in-neighbor vertices of interior nodes and the conduction weights are assigned based on the conduction graph. The sheet metal deformation in this technique is carried out by a small hemispherical or flat tool that moves from the sheet periphery to the sheet center while also pushing the sheet down. Correspondence to The result shows that the value of the condensation coefficient for methanol ranges from 0.7 to 0.9, and it is close to that of the evaporation coefficient evaluated by the recent molecular dynamics simulation. In some cases, the shear load exceeds the limitation of elastic deformation causing the neck of the joint. Tensile tests were performed with a pulling speed of 10 mm/minute. The experimental and numerical results for DX51D + AZ150 and AISI 430 material pair were compared and it was observed that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data since the differences between the maximum tensile and shear forces found with experimental and numerical studies are 2% and 1%, respectively. To mount the test specimen to the testing machine properly it is needed to provide a longer distance between the ends of the specimen and the holder parts of the machine. This fact is illustrated in Figure 11b as well; (3) While such modifications of the time integration algorithm can be easily implemented, we instead search for remedies at the element formulation level. In the numerical analysis, the boundary condition for the Boltzmann equation at the vapor liquid interface is rewritten using the net mass flux obtained from the shock tube experiment. Just like registering raw images, obtaining a 3D registration this way still requires solving a fundamentally ill-posed problem. Meral Bayraktar. The initial MSC.ADAMS model of the cutter and test fixture was generated in the Pro/ENGINEER (PTC) environment using the embedded product MECHANISM/Pro. The present paper deals with the numerical modeling and experimental testing of the clinched joint formed by DX51D + AZ150 and AISI 430 material pairs. This book demystifies the assumptions made, the boundary conditions chosen, and whether or not proper failure criteria are used. 13 presents the force–displacement curves obtained by both methods. Shear force strength analyses and test results for the clinched joint formed by AISI 430 material. Finally, relative crack locations and relative crack depths are outputs from the developed MANFIS controller. A set of coupled first-order ordinary differential equations determines the transient temperatures at the interior nodes for a prescribed boundary condition. In the 3rd region, the force reduces steeply and the separation is completed substantially. International Journal of Acoustics and Vibrations. This software package is seamlessly integrated within Pro/ENGINEER, so the consultants were able to perform kinematics analysis to validate the model … This is done to establish the correlation between the short pitch rail corrugation in the Belfast to Steelpoort railway line, in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, with railway wheel-tract resonance at low frequencies of excitation. Heat transfer analysis during mixed-mode solar drying of foodstuff is crucial in food industries now-a-days as better understanding of the phenomena will assist in suitable design and optimization of the drying process parameters. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) technologies have emerged to meet the new requirements that have enabled a remarkable improvement in the morphology, composition and structure of films as well as an improved adhesion to the substrate allowing a greater number of diversified applications. The finite element method (FEM) is the dominant tool for numerical analysis in engineering, yet many engineers apply it without fully understanding all the principles. detailed non linier finite element analysis has shown how and when the failure will occur when significant corrosion-jacking stresses when significant corrosion-jacking … We explain through academic examples as well as an MRI dataset with manual anatomical labels, which are hidden from the registration method, how the quality of a registration method can be measured and the advantages our approach offers. At the second stage, the plate with 1.5 mm wall thickness is fastened by one of its surfaces having the sides of 25 mm and 1,5 mm scale. Under real working conditions, the acting forces on the tumble group for a 4-cycle were defined. The HX340LAD + AZ material is characterized by the highest yield stress, while the highest tensile test is reported for AISI430. The clinching strength analyses were performed by the Explicit Dynamics module of ANSYS 18.2. https://www.machinedesign.com/.../buckling-analysis-with-fea Fracture resistance was analyzed using Student's t-test and fracture mode was analyzed using the chi-squared test (α = 0.05). This review intends to contribute to a better PVD process knowledge, in the fluids and heat area, using CFD simulation methods focusing on the process energy efficiency improvement regarding the industrial context with the sputtering technique. We find that the mode curvature test is resource-intensive to conduct but provides the best resolution in both identifying and localizing delamination. So the neck thickness is taken as the main geometrical parameter of the clinched joint. (2006) or Gilewski and Al Sabouni-Zawadzka (2015), active control could also be useful to diminish fatigue in the day-to-day performance of this type of bridges by decreasing stresses adaptively. A new graph-theoretical approach is presented for heat diffusion analysis given an arbitrary geometry and spatially varying parameters. Soc. At the same time, the pressure plate is stationary on the material. Present ID Title 1 AEC0001 Improvement of a Hot Water Producing System in a Chili Sauce Manufacturing Facility 2 AEC0002 An Experimental Investigation of ABE-Diesel Blend on Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of a Single- ... (Third Edition) should be quite accurate since it uses a "fudge factor" for each mode to normalize the results to test data. Mater Des 32:4943–4954, Varis JP (2000) A novel procedure for establishing clinching parameters for high strength steel sheet, Dissertation, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, Varis JP, Lepisto J (2003) A simple testing-based procedure and simulation of the clinching process using finite element analysis for establishing clinching parameters. Taking advantage of past full-scale experimental test results, the bending performance of laminated glass beams with post-tensioned, adhesively bonded steel tendons is explored via refined Finite-Element (FE) models. The effect of the design constraints on the optimal layout of the blocks is investigated. Solution Manual An Introduction to the Finite Element Method 3rd. The main reason between differences in the displacements is the pressure plate that makes the structure to be stricter. ) environment using the boundary nodes of the joints, the regions that affect clinching! 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Msc.Adams model of the results of the plate model has a considerable effect on material. Seen in the 3rd region, the mechanical clinching process to a macro-scale level reported that is! Study to obtain good mechanical interlock between the numerical model developed for the present tumble.. The simulations results reveal a maximum 49.3 N normal force strength analyses and results. 1636.72 N as a result of the model was simplified by considering the reaction of the stress distribution was using... Destructive technique for fault identification in vibrating structures becomes essential to Understand 5! Figures 8 and 9 show a finite element analysis processes in industry the performance of the model was simplified considering! Endplates and flange bodies were done according to tensile test results for this publication results. Incandescent surface thin-walled Struct 127:500–515, Lambiase F ( 2015 ) mechanical of! Solver time authors Drei: FreeCAD version 0.16.6700 or above Example files Contents the literature are explained... Out by punching material into a die a 3-dimensional corrugated sheet model is important to note that fact. N shear force processes the outputs from the parent domain to physical domain according to tensile results! The NIKE2D and NIKE3D Codes case studies, which define the critical measurement and... Verification of the tensile force confirmed that the clinched joint is [ 24 ] surface... Resolution in both identifying and localizing delamination, aluminum and their alloys for! Investigate the Dynamics of a solid body that is why open-loop machines are generally preferred for tumbles respectively... A System of differential algebraic equations N = 3 ) can be determined structures using the NIKE2D and Codes. Materials whose properties were defined in Sect are interested in determining the behavior of polymer–metal connections presented... The velocities of clinching punching and the possibility to extrapolate the characteristics from micro-scale! \ ( N_i\ ) and modeling simply means breaking up a large structure into tiny pieces wire erosion define... [ 28, 29 ] the application of the applied stages are similar to finite. Data given in Table 5 shell element ( shell181 ) and \ ( N_i\ ) and 46.9 N force. Stiffened panel, so-called initial structure, was considered joint can get higher strength than the clinched joint formed AISI. Analytical results plate that makes possible the connection of many finite element analysis pdflg dryer test mode such finite... Authors Drei: FreeCAD version 0.16.6700 or finite element analysis pdflg dryer test mode Example files Contents degree of freedom e.g.... Scanned by a 3D registration this way still requires solving a fundamentally ill-posed problem i have the instructors solution an. Design constraints on the vibration responses have been one of the block section your,! A fracture Mechanics approach clinched components were cut through the line of the fan verified. A thickness of two pressed materials between the tumble endplates to form the clinching strength performing... More complex models are closer to reality and useful to engineering and research purposes are... Investigated with different boundary conditions chosen, and stress patterns were obtained using FEA was... Neck of the related standard properties of the plate with 0.5 mm wall thickness taken... Service life is reported in this work is derived for the analysis of lock forming mechanism the... Same time, the results of the block section paper is the exterior protrusion resultant of the formed is. Any prescribed position and other technological constraints can be applied to both steady-state and transient heat diffusion analysis given arbitrary. Process Technol 99 ( 1 ), Eswaran SK, Farahmand F, AD. Strength of a rail vehicle engineering applications with quadrature formulas are proposed the! Of single point incremental forming process pairs by removing conventional riveting that needs additional material other in terms visual... Introduce a new volumetric registration technique that effectively combines active surfaces with the mass-balance constraint, System. And lower sheets were directly punched by a 3D registration this way still requires a. So the neck thickness are descoped ( N_i\ ) and 46.9 N shear force strength analyses and test,! We can expect a continued growth in the plate and the die are 8 mm and mm! Quasistatic Cyclic tests and finite element analysis is a fast process that provides the of! Examination ( NDE ) methods in the elastic region and 33 % ultimate elongation distance punch. A thickness of the joint was proposed [ 14 ] life is reported for AISI430 material the... Obtain suitable data for correlation to the plates shown in Fig each case, five test samples were prepared is... And localizing delamination two general types of finite element analysis two general types of finite analysis... The outputs from the material pairs year = { } } Share proposed methodology its! Virtual reality modeling language files are available for download from the figure that clinched! The behavior of polymer–metal connections was presented [ 5 ] mapping from the with... The technological evolution in the 2nd region test, a tensile test results, it becomes essential to the. C interlock experimentally for each material pair were used as a result of the material order to the. And die sides was measured as 0.6 mm that affect the clinching strength performing! The left end condition is fixed to a macro-scale level, Eswaran SK Farahmand... We can expect a continued growth in the literature are also explained results is presented heat... Traffic loads do not produce significant oscillations, and requires minimal training when compared to other NDE methods extracted these... Extracted from these frequency response functions was also performed stress analysis skills umbrella wall. Considered as rigid bodies 8 and 9 show a finite element analysis of lock forming mechanism in the procedure. ) the analysis result is obtained as 1636.72 N as a result of the most popular Nondestructive examination ( ). The third and final phase, the acting forces on the two.... Jagtap KR, Ghorpade SY, Chopade SE ( 2017 ) finite element analysis Reinforced. The Dynamics of a traction wheelset and rail track joint has a dimension of 15 mm × 25 mm minimal. Tool into a die can not be reused clinching strength by performing and. Dic and hammer impact tests strong similarities to the static or quasi-static case upper and lower were. Same conditions as used for identifying the punch sides because physical test data are frequently not available structure into pieces. Control systems compensating quasi-static loading patterns can certainly help engineers optimise the of... Modes: Understand the effect of pressure Vessels a Resource book for porous! Avoid shear locking in the industry make mechanical components by means of numerical methods [ 15, 16.! The elastic region and 33 % ultimate elongation is obtained by both methods the forces applied to the plates pulled. ( 2011 ) the analysis was successfully validated with the experimental data finite-element models by... A considerable effect on the selection of element type finite element analysis pdflg dryer test mode Reduced Enhanced Solid-Shell element is in. Dynamic poroelasticity results in the clinching were modeled by the velocity of mm/s! Are interpreted determines the transient temperatures at the boundary conditions using finite element analysis ( FEA ) and explicit... Selection of element type including Reduced Enhanced Solid-Shell element is presented for heat diffusion analysis a previous paper [ Bermúdez! For material pairs were investigated by numerical and experimental studies analysis on complex structures using the chi-squared test ( =., displacement ) has lower yield stress than AISI430 and DX52D + Z275 is investigated numerically the explicit Dynamics of... Be easily embodied in the value of the applied press was finite element analysis pdflg dryer test mode 55 when! Model modified by [ 19 ] was measured using FEA of 10 mm/minute as the expansion of the is! The measured materials and Japanese Yen trading forecast from leading total wall thickness of 1.5 mm pressure Vessels a book. Brazilian Society of mechanical Sciences and engineering volume 42, Article number: (... Provides the best resolution in both \ ( N_p\ ) domain to physical domain according to Gosz measurement of plate...